op-amp
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Simple Battery Level Indicator using Op-amp In the modern world, we use batteries in almost every electronic gadget from your handheld mobile phone, digital thermometer, smartwatch to Electric Vehicles, aeroplanes, satellites, and even Robotic Rovers used on Mars whose battery lasted around 700 sols (Martian days). It is safe to say without the invention of these electrochemical storage devices a.k.a. Batteries, the… |
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Audio Equalizer / Tone Control Circuit with Bass, Treble and MID Frequency Control using Op-Amp Tone control or Active equalizer circuit especially bass, treble, and MID control based Equalizer is an important circuit in audio amplifier design. Generally, three-stage active Equalizer filters require three control bass, treble, and MID. The bass control allows the low frequency to pass but blocks high frequency and the treble control allows the high frequency to pass… |
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How to Properly Terminate an unused OP-Amp to Avoid Noise and Power Related Issues An op-amp plays a very crucial role when it comes to designing circuits with analogue components. But while implementing such op-amp based circuits, there are situations where one or more op-amps are left unused, this causes undesirable behaviour in one or all of those unused op-amps thus impacting total system performance. To avoid this type of… |
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Programmable Gain Amplifier using MOSFET and Transistor In the measurement industry, a very crucial functional block is a Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA). If you are an electronic enthusiast or a college student, you have probably seen a multimeter or oscilloscope measuring very small voltages very preciously because the circuit has a built-in PGA alongside a powerful ADC that helps with the precise measurement process. … |
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Half Wave and Full Wave Precision Rectifier Circuit using Op-Amp A rectifier is a circuit that converts alternating current (AC) to Direct current (DC). An alternating current always changes its direction over time, but a direct current flows continuously in one direction. In a typical rectifier circuit, we use diodes to rectify AC to DC. But this rectification method can only be used if the input voltage to the circuit is greater than… |
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Triangle Wave Generator Circuit using Op-amp Function generator or waveform generator is an integral part of electronics and used to produce various kinds of waveforms like a sine wave, square wave, Sawtooth wave, etc. We have already designed sine wave generator circuit, square wave generator circuit, and sawtooth wave generator circuit. Now in this tutorial, we will show you, how to design a… |
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Simple 2x32 Watt Audio Amplifier with TDA2050 If you are thinking about building a simple, cheap, and moderately high power amplifier circuit that can deliver up to 50-watt peak RMS power into a loudspeaker, then you are in the right place. In this article, we are going to use the most popular TDA2050 IC to design, demonstrate, build, and test the IC to achieve the above requirements. So without further ado, let's get… |
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Design a Simple Constant Current Sink Circuit using Op-Amp Current Source and Current sink are two major terms used in electronics design, these two terms dictate how much current can leave or enter a terminal. For example, the sink and source current of a typical 8051 Microcontroller digital output pin is 1.6mA and 60uA respectively. Meaning the pin can deliver (source) up to 60uA when made High and can receive (sink) up to 1.6mA… |
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Relaxation Oscillator using Op-amp An operational amplifier is an integral part of Electronics, and we previously learned about Op-amps in various op-amp-based circuits and also built many oscillator circuits using op-amps and other electronics components. An oscillator generally refers to the circuit which produces periodic and repetitive output, like a sine wave or square wave… |
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Voltage to Frequency Converter using AD654 A voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) is an oscillator that outputs a square-wave, whose frequency is linearly proportional to its input voltage. The output square wave can be directly fed to a digital pin of a microcontroller to accurately measure the DC input voltage, which means the input voltage can be measured using 8051 or any other microcontroller which does not have… |
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Design a Voltage Controlled Current Source Circuit using Op-Amp In a voltage-controlled current source circuit, as the name implies, a small amount of voltage across the input will proportionally control the current flow across the output loads. This current source circuit using an op amp is commonly used in electronics to drive current-controlled devices like BJT, SCR, etc. We know that in a BJT, the current flowing through the base of… |
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Biasing Methods of Class A BJT Amplifiers When you want to design bipolar transistor circuits you need to know how to bias them. Biasing is applying electricity to a transistor in a specific way to make the transistor perform the way you want it to. There are mainly five classes of Amplifier - Class A, Class B, Class AB, Class C and Class D. In this article we will focus on biasing the transistor in a common emitter… |
