Electronic Circuits

XNOR or EX-NOR gate is a digital logic gate, designed for arithmetic and logical operations. Here we are going to use 74LS86 chip for demonstration, this chip has 4 EX-OR gates in it. These four gate are connected internally as shown in below figure.

These EX-OR gates are followed by NOT gates. These gates provides…

Simple Mic audio amplifier can amplify sound that is given from Microphone. This circuit can be used as “Small mic and loudspeaker system” for a small space like a room. This circuit can also be used in many applications like portable music players, intercoms, radio amplifiers, TV sound systems, Ultrasonic drivers etc. It can also be used as sound sensor for…

NOR gate is a digital logic gate, designed for arithmetic and logical operations. This gate is mainly used in applications where there is a need for mathematical calculations. So in calculators, computers and many digital applications use this gate. Here we are going to use 74LS32 IC for demonstration, this chip has 4 OR gates in it. These four gate are connected internally…

AND logic gate is a digital logic gate, designed for arithmetic and logical operations, every electronic student must have studied this gate is his/her career. This gate is mainly used in applications where there is a need for mathematical calculations. So in calculators, computers and manly digital applications use this gate. Here we are going to use IC 74LS09 for…

Toggle switch is used to toggle the output between two devices. Means when one device is ON, second device remains OFF and when second device is OFF, first device becomes ON. This toggle of output can be controlled using a PUSH button switch, so you can control two devices using one button. Further you can interface two Relays in place of LEDs to control the two AC…

While building circuits many times we need to generate sounds like a musical sound or some kind of alerting sound. Instead of building complex circuitry, we have some use full IC to produce the sound like UM66, UM3561 etc. While UM66 have a limitation of generating only one sound, we have UM3561 which is very useful and can generate four types of sound i.e. Police siren,…

Dice can be used to play several games, such as Snakes and Ladders, Ludo, etc. Generally, dice are made of wood or plastic, which gets distorted over time and becomes biased. A digital dice circuit is an alternative to the traditional dice; it can’t be biased or distorted, and it acts so fast that nobody would be able to cheat.

This guide will explain how to build a digital dice circuit…

Digital counters are needed everywhere in this digital world, and 7 segment display is one the best component to display the numbers. Counters are needed in object/products counters, digital stopwatches, calculators, timers etc. To use the 7 segment with ease, there is a 7 segment driver IC which is IC CD4026, so we are building 7 segment counter circuit using 4026 IC.

OR gate is a digital logic gate, designed for arithmetic and logical operations. This gate is mainly used in applications where there is a need for mathematical calculations. Here we are going to use 74LS32 chip for demonstration, this chip has 4 OR gates in it. These four gate are connected internally as shown in below figure.

A decimal counter is a chip designed to count the number of pulses or events that occur in digital circuits. These chips show the output in the decimal form or 1 to 99... form. So if we have a 12 bit counter, then it can count only 12 clock pulses or 12 events. These chips memorize the events and show the count of events at output port. The chip memorizes the event and shows…

Dancing LEDs circuit is used for decorative purpose and looks very good when these LEDs glow in sequential manner. We can create many kind of Dancing LEDs patterns for decoration. In this particular circuit, we have created a pattern in which 6 LEDs are illuminating in forward and reverse order. To create this circuit we have mainly used 555 timer IC and 4017 IC.

In this project, we are going to make a day and night indicator (or dark and light indicator) which will indicate if there is a dark or light in the surroundings. Some applications of this circuit, are street light controlling, home/office light controlling, day and night indicators, etc.