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pH Meter using Arduino Uno and LCD Display The pH scale is used to measure the acidity and basicity of a liquid. It can have readings ranging from 0-14, where 0 shows the most acidic liquid and 14 shows the most basic liquid. 7 pH is for neutral substances that are neither acidic nor basic. Now, pH plays a very important role in our lives, and it is used in various applications. For example, it can be used in a… |
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QR Code Scanner using Raspberry Pi and OpenCV QR code (Quick Response code) is a type of matrix barcode that contains information about the item to which it is attached, like location data, identifier, or a tracker that identifies a website or app, etc. It is a machine-readable optical label in the form of a 2D image with a unique pattern. To learn more about QR codes and how to generate a QR code, follow our previous… |
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LM35 Temperature Sensor Not Working? - Here is what you should do… For one of our projects, we tried to Interface LM35 Temperature Sensor with Arduino but were unable to do so. Yes, what seemed like an easy task became a whole day's effort. We initially assumed the sensor was defective, but after testing about 15 sensors, we saw the same issue over and over again; all of these sensors came from the same lot of 85 sensors we had in… |
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Understanding Dot Convention in Transformers From large power stations to compact SMPS circuits, transformers can be found almost everywhere. Though there are many types of transformers and their exact working differs based on the application, the basic working of the Transformer remains the same. When examining transformer circuit schematics, you'll notice "dot" symbols placed on transformer windings. These dots… |
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Three Phase Inverter Circuit - 120 Degree and 180 Degree Conduction Mode We all know about an inverter - it is a device which converts DC into AC. And we previously learned about Different types of inverters and built a single-phase 12V to 220V inverter. A 3 Phase Inverter converts the DC voltage into a 3 Phase AC supply. Here in this tutorial, we will learn about the Three-Phase Inverter and its working, but before going any further, let… |
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Introduction to Relay Logic Control - Symbols, Working and Examples Relay logic control systems are truly a foundation of industrial automation, and electromagnetic relays are necessary to perform switching actions in these conversion systems. The relay logic circuits also utilise relays along with switches, motors, timers, actuators, and contactors to form ON/OFF control systems effectively. Though relay logic control proves to be effective… |
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Current Mirror Circuit: Wilson and Widlar Current Mirroring Techniques In the previous article, we discussed about Current Mirror Circuit and how it can be built using a Transistor and a MOSFET. Even though a basic current mirror circuit can be constructed using two simple active components, BJTs and MOSFETs or using an amplifier circuit, the output is not perfect, as well as it has certain limitations and dependencies on the external factors.… |
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RC Phase Shift Oscillator using Op-Amp When an RC phase shift oscillator employs an op-amp in its circuit, it becomes an electronic oscillator with a stable sine wave output. It functions by developing two groups of 180-degree phase shifts, one via the RC network and the other via an op-amp in an inverting circuit. Due to this phase shift arrangement, it produces nearly pure sinusoidal signals with extreme frequency stability and… |
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What is Capacitor Leakage Current and How to Reduce It The capacitor is the most common component in electronics and is used in almost every electronics application. There are many types of capacitors available in the market for serving different purposes in any electronic circuit. They are available in many different values from 1 pico-Farad to 1 Farad capacitors and Supercapacitors. Capacitors also have different types of… |
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How to Use OV7670 Camera Module with Arduino The OV7670 camera module with Arduino programming has always dominated the electronics industry, as it has lots of applications, such as visitor monitoring systems, surveillance systems, attendance systems, etc. The OV7670 camera module with Arduino that we use today is smart and has a lot of features that were not present in earlier cameras. This comprehensive… |
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Arduino Interrupts Tutorial Consider a fast-moving car, if it suddenly gets hit by another car in opposite direction, the first thing that happens is that, the accelerometer sensor present in the car senses a sudden de-acceleration and triggers an external interrupt to the microcontroller present in the car. Then based on that interrupt the microcontroller produces an electric signal to deploy the… |
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Thyristor Commutation Techniques To turn on a Thyristor, there are various triggering methods in which a trigger pulse is applied at its Gate terminal. Similarly, there are various techniques to turn off a Thyristor; these techniques are called Thyristor Commutation Techniques. It can be done by bringing the Thyristor back into the forward blocking state from the forward conduction state. To bring the… |
