A series of well-curated articles to understand the fundamental of electronics. The articles in this section elucidates basic concepts of electronics and design tips that can be equally useful to beginners and experts.
Communication Interfaces are one of the factors that are considered when selecting a microcontroller to be used for a project. The designer ensures that the microcontroller being selected has all the interfaces required to communicate with all the other components to be used for the product. The existence of some of these interfaces, like SPI and I2C on microcontrollers,…
The brain of an embedded device, which is the processing unit, is a key determinant of the success or failure of the device in accomplishing the task(s) for which it is designed. The processing unit is responsible for every process involving from input to the system, to the final output, thus selecting the right platform for the brain becomes very important during the device…
A microcontroller is essentially a small computer on a chip, like any computer, it has memory and usually programmed in embedded systems to receive inputs, perform calculations and generate output. Unlike a processor, it incorporates the memory, the CPU, I/O and other peripherals on a single chip like shown in the layout below.
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Wireless Charging is the process of recharging battery powered electronic devices without directly tethering them using wires and cables to a power source. The process gives users the freedom of charging their phone on the go without the need to plug to power outlet. This means wireless charging enabled smartphones and other devices could be charged by simply placing them on…
Before explaining PID Controller, let's revise about Control System. There are two types of systems; open loop system and close loop system. An open loop system is also known as an uncontrolled system and close loop system is known as a controlled system. In open loop system, the output is not controlled because this system has no feedback and in a close loop system, the…
RS232 Communication Protocol represents one of the most successful and enduring standards in electronics history. Originally developed in 1962 by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA), RS232 defined the interface between Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communication Equipment (DCE) for serial binary data interchange. While modern protocols like RS485,…
In general, all the electronic devices need DC power supply but it is impossible to generate DC power so, we need an alternative to get some DC power thus the usage of diodes comes into the picture to convert AC power to DC power. A diode is a tiny electronic component used in almost all the electronic circuits to enable the flow of current in only one…
Time waits for none. Apparently, it's the same case with the speed of Technology upgrade these days. Moore's law is already broken. The happening innovation keeps us wondering 'how amazing it is' and 'what's next' at the same time. Since always, Advancements in technology are inspired by Science Fiction and action movies for implementing the fictional gadgets into reality.…
As our brain is made up of 100 billion of cells termed Neurons which are used to think and memorize things. Like as computer also have billions of tiny brain cells named Transistors. It is composed of chemical element extract from sand called Silicon. Transistors change the theory of electronics radically since it has been designed over half a century before by John Bardeen…
In previous tutorial we have learned about ZigBee protocol, its architecture and also learned about XBee modules and AT Commands. In this tutorial we will interface two XBee modules with two Computers and make the computers communicate wirelessly using those XBee modules. In the end, we will be able to send text from one computer to another like a Chatting application.
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Generally many people get confused with two terms XBee and ZigBee, most of them use it interchangeably. But this is actually not the case; ZigBee is standard protocol for wireless networking. While XBee is a product that supports various wireless communication protocol, including ZigBee, Wi-Fi (Wi-Fly module), 802.15.4, 868 MHz module etc. Here we are mainly focused on Xbee/…
What is a SWITCH? Switch is nothing but a device which is used to turn ON and OFF the equipment. Most probably this equipment is electrical equipment like fan, TV etc. To flow current from a circuit it must require a close path (loop). If switch is OFF, that means circuit is open and current cannot flow through the conductor and equipment is de-energise (OFF state). To make…
