RF Controlled Robot

Published  August 21, 2015   56
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RF Controlled Robot without Microcontroller

In present time almost all the people are familiar with robots. Robots play a very important role in human life. Robots are a machine which reduces the human efforts in heavy works in industries, building etc. and makes life easy. In Our previous Projects we have made some robots like line follower, DTMF controlled robot, gesture controlled robot, computer controlled robot, but in this tutorial we are going to design a very interesting robot, that is RF controlled Robot. Interesting thing in this project is that it will run without using any microcontroller. Here we will run it directly by RF Decoder and Motor Driver.

Block Diagram for RF Controlled Robot

RF controlled robot is controlled by using Four push button placed at transmitter side. Here we only need to push the buttons to control the robot. A transmitting device is used in your hand which also contains a RF Transmitter and a RF Encoder. This transmitter part will transmit command to robot so that it can do the required task like moving forward, reverse, turning left, turning right and stop. All these tasks will perform by using four push buttons that are placed on RF transmitter.

 

Required Components

  • DC Motor - 2
  • HT12D - 1
  • HT12E - 1
  • RF Pair - 1
  • Motor Driver L293D - 1
  • 9 Volt Battery - 3
  • Battery Connector - 3
  • Connecting wires
  • Robot Chasis - 1
  • 7805 - 2
  • 750K resistor - 1
  • 33K resistor - 1
  • 1K Resistor  - 1
  • PCB                                       

 

L293D Motor Driver

L293D is a motor driver IC which has two channels for driving two motors. L293D has Two inbuilt Transistor Darlington pair for current amplification and an separate power supply pin for giving external supply for motors.

L293D Motor Driver IC

 

RF Transmitter and  Receiver

This is a ASK Hybrid Transmitter and receiver module operates at 433Mhz frequency. This module has a crystal stabilized oscillator for maintain accurate frequency control for best range. There we have to need only one antenna externally for this module.

RF Transmitter and Receiver

RF Transmitter Features:

  • Frequency Range: 433 Mhz
  • Output Power: 4-16dBm
  • Input supply: 3 to 12 volt dc

 

RF Receiver Features:

  • Sensitivity: -105dBm
  • IF Frequency : 1MHz
  • Low Power Consumption
  • Current 3.5 mA
  • Supply voltage: 5 volt

 

This Module is very cost efficient where long range RF communication is required. This module does not send data using UART communication of PC or microcontroller directly because there is lots of noise at this frequency and its Analog technology. We can use this module with the help of encoder and decoder ICs which extract data from the noise.

The range of transmitter is about 100 meters at maximum supply voltage and for 5 volt the range of transmitter is about 50-60 meter with using a simple wire of single code 17cm length antenna.  

 

Pin Description of RF Tx

  1. GND - Ground supply
  2. Data In - This pin accept serial data from encoder
  3. Vcc - +5 Volt should be connect to this pin
  4. Antenna - A wrapped connect to this pin for proper transmission of data

 

Pin Description of RF Rx

  1. GND - Ground
  2. Data In - This pin give output serial data to Decoder
  3. Data In - This pin give output serial data to Decoder
  4. Vcc - +5 Volt should be connect to this pin
  5. Vcc - +5 Volt should be connect to this pin
  6. GND - Ground
  7. GND - Ground
  8. Antenna - A wrapped connect to this pin for proper Reception of data

 

Circuit Diagrams and Explanation

Circuit Diagram for RF Transmitter:

RF Transmitter Circuit Diagram

 

Circuit Diagram for RF Receiver:

RF Controlled Robot Circuit Diagram - Receiver

 

As shown in above figures, circuit diagrams for RF controlled robot are quite simple where a RF pair is used for communication. Connections for transmitter and receiver show in circuit diagrams. Two 9 volt batteries are used to power the motor driver and remaining Rx Circuit. And another 9 Volt battery is used to power the transmitter.

 

RF Controlled Robot has two main parts namely:

  1. Transmitter part
  2. Receiver part

[Also check: RF Transmitter and Receiver Circuit]

In transmitter part a data Encoder and a RF transmitter is used. As we have already mentioned above that we are using four push buttons to run the robot, these four buttons are connected with Encoder with respect to ground. When we will press any button encoder will get a digital LOW signal and then applied this signal serially to RF transmitter. The Encoder IC HT12E encodes data or signal or converting it into serial form and then sends this signal by using RF transmitter into the environment.

RF Transmitter

At the receiver end we have used RF receiver to receive data or signal and then applied to HT12D decoder. This decoder IC converts the received serial data to parallel and then send these decoded signal to L293D Motor driver IC. According to the received data robot runs by using two dc motor in forward, reverse, left, right and stop direction.

RF Receiver

 

Working of RF Controlled Robot:

RF controlled robot move according to button pressed at Transmitter.

Button Pressed at Transmitter

Moving Direction of Robot

First (1)

Left

Second (2)

Right

First and Second (1 & 2)

Forward

Third and Fourth (3 & 4)

Backward

No Button Pressed

Stop

 

When we press first button (1 mention on circuit and hardware) robot start to moving left side and moving continues until the button is released.

Turning Left to RF Controlled Robot

 

When we press second button at transmitter, robot start moving in right side until button is released.

Turning Right to RF Controlled Robot

 

When we press first and second button at the same time, Robot start moving in forward direction until push buttons are released.

Forward moving to RF Controlled Robot

 

When we press third and fourth button at the same time, robot start moving in backward direction and keep going until push buttons are released.

Backward direction

 

And when no push Button is pressed, robot stops.

Stop the RF Controlled Robot

Video

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Comments

Submitted by beginer on Tue, 12/29/2015 - 15:55

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how to connect push buttons to encoder?

Submitted by Vishal Ahuja on Thu, 02/18/2016 - 16:06

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I have made this one and it worked perfect but there is a problem, if try to used any other power source other than 9v battery, motor on switch s4.2 and s4.3 starts misbehaving such as after leaving the switch it keeps on running, so i have to turn off the power and on again.
Any suggestions ??

Submitted by rijil on Mon, 06/06/2016 - 19:58

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My ckt is not working.
What kind of motors are that
Is it dc brush motors

Submitted by rijil on Mon, 06/06/2016 - 20:01

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Transmitter and recievers are working but motor driver and motors are not working
Plz help me its urgent

Submitted by ashish on Tue, 07/05/2016 - 13:00

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which type of diaode are u using not mentioned above but give in diagram

Submitted by pravin kumhar on Sat, 07/09/2016 - 21:59

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can i use other antena insted of other wire

Submitted by jose reyes on Thu, 08/11/2016 - 22:18

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excuse the LED must always be on even if you have armed the issuer but is single receiver

Submitted by Karan Chanchlani on Tue, 08/23/2016 - 14:22

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we are making this project using 4 wheels,my question is will the above circuit diagram is valid for 4 wheels project..coz its our final year project?? hope u reply soon

Submitted by Dave Davidson on Tue, 08/30/2016 - 20:03

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Do the resistors in the receiver circuit limit the amount of current going to the motors. Are the motors getting the full 9 volts of the battery because your car seems quite slow for that amount of voltage.
Please Reply.

No, resistors are not for limiting the current to the Motors. Even we have used Motor Driver IC L293D to drive more current, you can further use more powerful battery (or fresh 9v Batteries) according to the motors.

Submitted by Jimson on Fri, 10/14/2016 - 16:01

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Sirs, my circuit is not working. LED is off initially, and when the receiver is supplied, the motors don't run. What to do? Is there any software for simulation?

Submitted by sandeep on Sun, 10/16/2016 - 09:56

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sir what are applications of this rf controlled robots. I have got a project to do a robot which contains LDR, PIR, LM35, IR along with what you used above. Is that possible. Please do reply.

Submitted by mashood on Thu, 11/10/2016 - 14:25

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i want the program for controlling the dc motors using two switches for moving forward and backward by using rf module to pic16f877a.

Submitted by Raj on Sun, 11/20/2016 - 23:19

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What is the range of the rf module that you have used. I all want it be be obstacle avoiding robot. How can i convert it into that.

Submitted by Krishna Kant on Thu, 12/15/2016 - 10:07

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This article only shows on how to make RF controlled robot without microcontroller. However, We guys tried to make a Wireless Robot Control Using RF Module where this project aims of a similar wireless remote controlling applicable to two-wheel drive robots. The wireless remote is a 434 RF module and the robot is driven on DC motors controlled by an L293D motor driver IC. Typically, 434 RF modules have a range of 50-60 metre but can be extended up to 300-350 metre. So, after extending the operational range of RF module, the RC robot will have an impressive distance to wander around. Learn more about extending the operational range of RF modules here []

Submitted by prashant on Sat, 12/17/2016 - 13:35

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I have made the same but after leaving the switch it remains turn on.
I have not connected 293. First I am checking only for signal receiving... but signal remains turn on

Submitted by Asaint on Fri, 01/06/2017 - 17:27

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Hello,
How can I connect four motors if I want to use it with PWM circuit for a quadcopter control?
Pls am waiting!

Submitted by Abimbola Olawale on Sun, 01/29/2017 - 02:33

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Wow..i love this rc circuit. Have been looking for this type of circuit that is quite simple for me as a beginner in electronics..

Submitted by deepchandra on Tue, 02/21/2017 - 16:18

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hello sir i am a diploma 2nd year student , i have reciber and tranmitter and motor driver.
but i dont conectin of motor driver with reciver. plese help me.

Submitted by Sagar on Thu, 02/23/2017 - 16:07

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Sir, when we press push button 1 then which serial code goes to encoder ic and which data is transferred to rf emitter... Is 0111 serial code goes to encoder? Plz give diagram for flow of data in circuit

Submitted by Anand patel on Mon, 03/13/2017 - 05:04

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sir,we dnt need any program codings & any programs so please give me a link....

Submitted by hari on Wed, 03/15/2017 - 23:41

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sir I arranged the circuit step by step on bread board but It doesn't working.. I don't l know where fault is?? shall you help me where frequently faults happen??

Submitted by anil Kanzariya on Tue, 09/26/2017 - 13:30

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dear sir...

I am doing this project but I how to increase the range of this project more than 1000 meter,..plz give me replay!!!

Submitted by Himanshu Sen on Sun, 10/15/2017 - 11:28

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What should be connected in place of antenna

Submitted by adila on Fri, 03/16/2018 - 12:40

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i need Rx &Tx circuit diagrams using rf technology and webcam app will you plz help me
plz send both circuit diagrams in to my mail because march 25 is my project external so plz send because my batch mets donot prepare documentation plz help me