Relay
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Why is it Important to Set Date and Time in Numerical Relays? Numerical relays help in protecting different electrical equipment like generator, transformers, transmission lines, and motors. Therefore, many simple yet important things need to be checked with a Numerical Relay, like its running time (which can be manually set), current clock time, and current date. Now, it's common that many people… |
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Understanding Dot Convention in Transformers From large power stations to compact SMPS circuits, transformers can be found almost everywhere. Though there are many types of transformers and their exact working differs based on the application, the basic working of the Transformer remains the same. When examining transformer circuit schematics, you'll notice "dot" symbols placed on transformer windings. These dots… |
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Importance of Relay Coordination in Process Industries There are certainly quite a few cases of inadvertent tripping in cement plants, steel plants, fertilizer plants, FMCG and other industries that many Electrical Engineers witness at a certain point of time. Such scenarios occur in the majority of industries, not for the reason that the protection plan of these industries is not properly coordinated but because changes in the… |
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Importance of Relay Selection in Grid-Connected Industries Infinite sources do finite mistakes! Yes, it’s true and here is the case study that will help prove that what is being said here is true. The case study is about the Grid side that was scheduled to shut down for 2 – 3 hours for adding a new 33 kV distribution line in a substation and all the consumers were informed regarding the same 2 weeks in advance. It went as… |
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Don't use your Numerical Relay like Electromechanical Relay With the experience of working in more than 500 Plants with various types of Electrical services, I have come to know about the different problems Engineers face during Maintenance and Breakdown. Instead of keeping the exposure limited to me I decided to share it with my fellow engineers here by writing case studies. One such case study is as follows. … |
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What could cause repeated relay failures in a chemical plant? Just like the previous case studies, we bring to you one more actual incident that happened in one of the Chemical / Process Industry. We thought it was important and must be brought to notice to all concerned people working in O&M or Project in chemical industries to take due note of it as it may help other industries who doesn’t know about it. Repeated… |
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4-Channel Relay Driver Circuit and PCB Design Relays are frequently used in our electronics applications specially when we need to drive high loads from microcontroller circuits. So in this DIY project, we make a 4-Channel Relay Driver Circuit to be used in relay based applications. In-here we have designed an isolated PCB for 4 relays to operate 4 AC appliances at a time. We have put a three pin screw terminal… |
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Introduction to Relay Logic Control - Symbols, Working and Examples Relay logic control systems are truly a foundation of industrial automation, and electromagnetic relays are necessary to perform switching actions in these conversion systems. The relay logic circuits also utilise relays along with switches, motors, timers, actuators, and contactors to form ON/OFF control systems effectively. Though relay logic control proves to be effective… |
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Arduino Controlled Musical Fountain using Sound Sensor There are several water fountains which unconditionally sprinkle water with some interesting lighting effects. So I wandered about designing an innovative water fountain which can respond to external music and sprinkle water depending on the music beats. Isn’t it sound interesting? The basic idea of this Arduino Water Fountain is to take an input… |
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Galvanic Isolation – Signal Isolation and Power Isolation An average household microwave oven operating at 110/220V AC can produce upto 2800V inside it, which is dangerously lethal. Besides that it also has a lower level AC voltage around 3.5V to light up the filament and a regulated DC voltage like 5V/3.3V for the digital electronics part like the display or timers to operate. Have you ever wondered… |
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IoT based Smart Irrigation System using Soil Moisture Sensor and ESP8266 NodeMCU Most of the farmers use large portions of farming land, and it becomes very difficult to reach and track each corner of the large land. Sometimes there is a possibility of uneven water sprinkles. This results in the bad quality crops, which further leads to financial losses. In this scenario, the Smart Irrigation System using the Latest IoT technology is helpful and leads to… |
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Mains Power Supply Failure Alarm Circuit Although there are inverters and generators to immediately start the AC power supply whenever there is a power cut but sometime when there is no backup support and we have some critical machines running to perform some important task, it’s a good idea to atleast have an alarm which notify us as soon as power goes off. In this tutorial, we will learn how to make a simple… |
