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RFID Based Attendance System

Published  October 21, 2015   33
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RFID Based Attendance System Project using 8051 Microcontroller
RFID Based Attendance System Project using 8051 Microcontroller

In this RFID based Attendance System project, we will explain you how can we count attendance automatically by using RFID cards. RFID Technology (Radio Frequency Identification and Detection) is commonly used in schools, colleges, office and stations for various purposes to automatically keep a track of people.  Here we will count the attendance of an authorized person by using RFID.

We can divide the complete attendance system into different sections: reader section, control section, driver section and display section. Role of each section is shown in the below block diagram:

RFID Based Attendance System Project Block Diagram

Reader Section

This section contains a RFID, which is an electronics device which has two parts - one is RFID Reader and other is RFID tag or Card. When we put RFID tag near to the RFID reader, it reads tag data serially. RFID tag has 12 digit character code in a coil. This RFID is working at baud rate of 9600 bps. RFID uses electromagnet to transfer data from reader to tag or tag to reader.

Control Section:

8051 microcontroller is used for controlling the complete process of this project. Here by using 8051 we are receiving RFID data and sending status or messages to LCD.

Display section:

A 16x2 LCD is used in this project for displaying messages on it.

Driver section:

This section has a motor driver L293D for opening gate and a buzzer with a BC547 NPN transistor for indications.

Working

When a person put their RFID tag to RFID reader then RFID reads tag’s data and send it to 8051 microcontroller and then microcontroller compares this data with defined data or information. If data is matched with defined data then microcontroller increment the attendance by one of the tag’s person and if matched is not occurred then microcontroller shows invalid card on LCD and buzzer is beeping continuously for some time.

Circuit Diagram for RFID Based Attendance System

Circuit diagram for RFID bassed attendance system project is shown above. In the circuit, LCD is connected in four bit mode with 8051 microcontroller. LCD’s RS, RW and EN pins are directly connected at PORT 1 pin number P1.0, P1.1 and P1.2. D4, D5, D6 and D7 pins of LCD are directly connected at pin P1.4, P1.5, P1.6 and P1.7 of port 1. Motor driver is connected at PORT pin number P2.4 and P2.5. and buzzer is connected at P2.6 at PORT2.  [Also check: LCD Interfacing with 8051 Microcontroller]

Program Explanation

To program for RFID based attedance system, we first need to include header files and defines input and output pin and variables.

#include<reg51.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>

sbit rs=P1^0;
sbit rw=P1^1;
sbit en=P1^2;
sbit m1=P2^4;
sbit m2=P2^5;
sbit buzzer=P2^6;
char i,rx_data[50];
char rfid[13],ch=0;

After this we need to create a function for delay.

 void delay(int itime)
{
    int i,j;
    for(i=0;i<itime;i++)
    for(j=0;j<1275;j++);
}

Then we make some function for LCD and initialize lcd fuction,

void lcd_init(void)
{
    lcdcmd(0x02);
    lcdcmd(0x28);
    lcdcmd(0x0e);
    lcdcmd(0x01);
}

Here we have some function that we have used in our program. In this we have configured 9600bps baud rate at 11.0592MHz Crystal Frequency. We are monitoring the SBUF register for receiving data.

void uart_init()
{
 TMOD=0x20;
 SCON=0x50;
 TH1=0xfd;
 TR1=1;
}

char rxdata()
{
  while(!RI);
    ch=SBUF;    
    RI=0;
    return ch;
}

After this in main program, we have initialized lcd and UART and then we reads the output of RFID when any one tag on it. We stores this string in an array and then match with predefined array data.

        lcdcmd(1);
        lcdstring("Place Your Card:");
        lcdcmd(0xc0);
        i=0;
        for(i=0;i<12;i++)
        rfid[i]=rxdata();
        rfid[i]='\0';
        lcdcmd(1);

If match occurrs then controller increases the attendance by one. Else beep buzzer runs continuously and LCD shows invalid card.

        if(strncmp(rfid,"160066A5EC39",12)==0)
        {
            count1++;
            lcdcmd(1);
            lcdstring(" Attendance ");
            lcdcmd(0xc0);
            lcdstring(" Registered");
            delay(200);
            lcdcmd(1);
            lcdstring(" Student1 ");
            lcdcmd(0xc0);
            lcdstring("Attnd. No.: ");
            sprintf(result, "%d", count1);
            lcdstring(result);

PCB Layout

Here is the PCB layout for RFID based Attendance System:

PCB Layout for RFID based Attendance System

Complete Project Code

#include<reg51.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<stdio.h>

#define lcdport P1

sbit rs=P1^0;

sbit rw=P1^1;

sbit en=P1^2;

sbit m1=P2^4;

sbit m2=P2^5;

sbit buzzer=P2^6;

char i,rx_data[50];

char rfid[13],ch=0;

int count1, count2, count3;

unsigned char result[1];
 void delay(int itime)

{

    int i,j;

    for(i=0;i<itime;i++)

    for(j=0;j<1275;j++);

}

void daten()

{

    rs=1;

    rw=0;

    en=1;

    delay(5);

    en=0;

}
void lcddata(unsigned char ch)

{

    lcdport=ch & 0xf0;

    daten();

    lcdport=(ch<<4) & 0xf0;

    daten();

}

void cmden(void)

{

    rs=0;

    en=1;

    delay(5);

    en=0;

}
void lcdcmd(unsigned char ch)

{

    lcdport=ch & 0xf0;

    cmden();

    lcdport=(ch<<4) & 0xf0;

    cmden();

}
void lcdstring(char *str)

{

    while(*str)

    {

        lcddata(*str);

        str++;

    }

}
void lcd_init(void)

{

    lcdcmd(0x02);

    lcdcmd(0x28);

    lcdcmd(0x0e);

    lcdcmd(0x01);

}
void uart_init()

{

 TMOD=0x20;

 SCON=0x50;

 TH1=0xfd;

 TR1=1;

}

char rxdata()

{

  while(!RI);

    ch=SBUF;    

    RI=0;

    return ch;

}
void main()

{

    buzzer=1;

    uart_init();

    lcd_init();

    lcdstring("  RFID Based    ");

    lcdcmd(0xc0);

    lcdstring("Attendance Systm"); 

    delay(400);

    while(1)

    {

        lcdcmd(1);

        lcdstring("Place Your Card:");

        lcdcmd(0xc0);

        i=0;

        for(i=0;i<12;i++)

        rfid[i]=rxdata();

        rfid[i]='\0';

        lcdcmd(1);

        lcdstring("Your ID No. is:");

        lcdcmd(0xc0);

        for(i=0;i<12;i++)

        lcddata(rfid[i]);

        delay(100);

        if(strncmp(rfid,"160066A5EC39",12)==0)

        {

            count1++;

            lcdcmd(1);

            lcdstring(" Attendance ");

            lcdcmd(0xc0);

            lcdstring(" Registered");

            delay(200);

            lcdcmd(1);

            lcdstring(" Student1 ");

            lcdcmd(0xc0);

            lcdstring("Attnd. No.: ");

            sprintf(result, "%d", count1);

            lcdstring(result);

            

            m1=1;

            m2=0;

            delay(300);

            m1=0;

            m2=0;

            delay(200);

            m1=0;

            m2=1;

            delay(300);

            m1=0;

            m2=0;

        }

        

        else if(strncmp(rfid,"160066BD7AB7",12)==0)

            {

            count2++;

            lcdcmd(1);

            lcdstring(" Attendance ");

            lcdcmd(0xc0);

            lcdstring(" Registered");

            delay(200);

            lcdcmd(1);

            lcdstring(" Student2 ");

            lcdcmd(0xc0);

            lcdstring("Attnd. No.: ");

            sprintf(result, "%d", count2);

            lcdstring(result);

            

            m1=1;

            m2=0;

            delay(300);

            m1=0;

            m2=0;

            delay(200);

            m1=0;

            m2=1;

            delay(300);

            m1=0;

            m2=0;

      }

            

                else if(strncmp(rfid,"160066203060",12)==0)

            {

                count3++;

            lcdcmd(1);

            lcdstring(" Attendance ");

            lcdcmd(0xc0);

            lcdstring(" Registered");

            delay(200);

            lcdcmd(1);

            lcdstring(" Student3 ");

            lcdcmd(0xc0);

            lcdstring("Attnd. No.: ");

            sprintf(result, "%d", count3);

            lcdstring(result);

            

            m1=1;

            m2=0;

            delay(300);

            m1=0;

            m2=0;

            delay(200);

            m1=0;

            m2=1;

            delay(300);

            m1=0;

            m2=0;
            }
        else 

        {

           lcdcmd(1);

           lcdstring("Invalid Card");

           buzzer=0;

           delay(300);

           buzzer=1;

        }

  }

}
Video

Tags
RFID
8051
microcontroller
Attendance System
embedded
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Comments

Submitted by veyron on Thu, 03/03/2016 - 19:53

Permalink

theres an error as undefined identifier for 'result' and count 1

Submitted by Muhammad Kamran on Wed, 07/13/2016 - 23:49

Permalink

Just put the two Lines in the code after rfid array declaration, i.e. and your code will be working.

char rfid[13],ch=0;

int count1, count2, count3;
unsigned char result[1];

Submitted by Avinash on Thu, 10/20/2016 - 11:16

Permalink

Please tell me, where I find RFID card number, is this mentioned on card or any technique to know card number for programming.

Submitted by aniq on Fri, 12/16/2016 - 19:30

Permalink

thanks alot for ur efforts, i need ur help
making the same project but i have to use rfid rc522 instead of rs232 where should i change without changing code, and how much volts u applied at vcc because rc 522 requires 3.3v? help needed urgent

Submitted by vj on Thu, 12/22/2016 - 10:33

Permalink

can you please send the details of the project like,
the software used and the program of the project because we are doing the same project in our final year as our project

Submitted by Papai Karmakar on Mon, 12/26/2016 - 10:52

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Sir , how to connect RFID with this project ? Please send me pin communication between RFID & 8051 micro-controller .

Submitted by woldie on Sun, 04/02/2017 - 18:51

Permalink

can i use MFRC522 rfid reader ?

Submitted by khai on Thu, 05/18/2017 - 11:05

Permalink

what does this part means?

void uart_init()
{
TMOD=0x20;
SCON=0x50;
TH1=0xfd;
TR1=1;
}
char rxdata()
{
while(!RI);
ch=SBUF;
RI=0;
return ch;
}

upload an empty code to arduino.
void setup()
{
}
void loop()
{
}
.....................after uploading, connect Tx pin of rfid module to Tx pin of arduino. +5V and gnd of rfid module to +5V and gnd of arduino resp.
open serial monitor in arduino software....place the card near the reader module. The serial monitor screen will show 12 digit alpha numeric number corresponds to the rfid card.