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RADIO FREQUENCY WIRELESS CHARGING FOR IMPLANTS
Implants are the medical devices that are manufactured to replace, support a damaged biological structure, or to enhance an existing biological structure. They can be made of diverse materials like metals, plastics, ceramics and biological tissue. They are basically implanted inside the body via surgeries. Pacemaker is an implant that acts as an artificial SA(sinoatrial) node. Actually a SA node present inside the human heart generates electrical impulses that maintain the heart rhythm. The implanted Pacemaker connected to the heart, senses the anamolies of the SA node in production of electrical impulse and compensates it by generating balanced electrical impulse. The Pacemaker usaually consists of a non - rechargeable lithium iodide battery. So the patients ought to undergo a surgery for the replacement of the battery. To tackle this problem we replaced the cell with a rechargeable lithium-ion battery. But charging a pacemaker’s battery from a certain distance, cannot be achieved by tightly or loosely coupled electromagnetic resonant charging. So an uncoupled Radio Frequency (RF) wireless charging method is used. The Charging method comprises a transformer, an AC input, rectifiers, microcontroller, transmitter and receiver. The input AC is lowered using a step down transformer and the output signal is rectified and connected to a microcontroller.
Arduino UNO R4 micro controller is connected to the transmitter that is used to control or regulate the RF transmitted. The QAM-TX2 transmitter transmits the RF waves through beamforming. Beamforming technique allows transmission of signal by multiple antennas in proximity towards the target implant, rather than allowing the signal to spread in all directions, like broadcast antennas do. The implant consists of an antenna array comprising of receiver antennas, and ZPT-4RS receiver that receives the RF and it is converted into DC via RF/DC converter (RFC). RFC converter is composed of a rectifier and a voltage regulator. The rectifier converts the AC to DC and the regulator controls the voltage supply. Using the DC output from the RFC the battery starts to charge. In both transmitter and receiver corresponding antennas are connected for signal transmission. As this process is based on beamforming and millimeter wide RF waves, it does not damage the cells directly as it emits non-ionizing radiation and has longer wavelengths. This method is said to be economical because there is no need for surgery for the replacement of the battery. Since this method is reliable and non-surgical, it would have high worth as a pacemaker in the market. Time consumption for the implementation of this product is less, since it is more feasible. It optimizes the workflow of the pacemaker.